Criminal Procedure Unit 2 Homework Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Procedure Unit 2 Homework - Article Example The court, be that as it may, balanced earlier understandings of the conditions, preposterous hunt and seizure, to incorporate irrelevant interruption through innovation as a pursuit. The court led two draw out tests, which required the respondent to show whether he had abstract creative mind. In such manner, such creative mind concerned the encompassing where the inquiry was directed and whether the general public acknowledges such desire as sensible. The court decided that Mr. Katz had a sensible desire for protection inside the pay phone and that cops had no urgent condition. In this manner, it was fundamental for them to look for a guarantee before attempted such an activity. The term seizure is utilized to portray any type of obstruction to a person’s possessory enthusiasm for material merchandise. Preposterous seizure suggests a situation where the asset proprietor had a sensible expectation of protection in the things seized. An individual or property is supposed to be seized, when law implementing officials apply power to control the individual or property. This circumstance happens if the asset or individual doesn't practice one’s opportunity to leave the circumstance (Amar, 1994). The instance of Terry v. Ohio included Terry and two other men watched by cops in regular clothes. The officials accepted that the men were ‘casing an occupation, a stick-up’, and therefore, they continued to search the three men (Lichtenberg, 2001). The officials recouped unlawful weapons held by the two men. The court addressed whether the inquiry and seizure of the men added up to a break of the Fourth Amendment. The court concluded that the hunt performed by the cops was sensible under the Fourth Amendment. The court established that the cops worked on more than a ‘hunch’ and that a sensible man would have been enticed to accept that

Print Vs. Press :: essays research papers

Print versus Press      In today’s decisions the Media is probably the greatest impact in many races. During the time the Media has changed calm a piece. As much of the time, today’s innovation has upset the Media and the manner in which we get our data. In addition to the fact that we hear about decisions through the media, we learn of refreshed news relating to our regular day to day existences. There are two kinds of Media that presents various upgrades, which fluctuate considerably from nature to content. The two kinds are the Printing press and the Electronic press. Both assume significant jobs in instructing and advising our country.      The Print media is most popular for it’s â€Å"excel in passing on authentic subtleties (graber189).† Graber proceeds to include that the print media is commonly credited with passing on more information that varying media does. One Critic by the name of Neil Postman says that if our country is presented to an excessive amount of TV, we may transform into a country of trifler who stay away from the major issues of the world. I feel that we are seeing a portion of that now. Take a gander at Clinton for instance, our media has not been as engaged with how well our nation has been doing. Or maybe the media is consistent telling the country who he lays down with and what he has for breakfast. In actuality, the papers, etc are giving us realities. They are disclosing to us increasingly about the human services change, and about issues over oceans. We as a country need to think progressively about our nation and put aside a portion of our delight. One on the ma jor destructions of the print machine is that, most occasions the news we read is that of old news. On the off chance that there is an assault in Russia on Wednesday, at that point it won't be until Thursday or Friday until we read it in the paper. Another model is that of Time magazine. Endorsers of Time for the most part get their magazine up to 14 days after the fact that the most recent news. I feel that the print machine is for the more educational gathering and ought not be left in obscurity.      The Electronic Media is anyway advantageous and has the capacity of arriving at a huge number of individuals inside merely minutes. Consider somebody climbing in the forested areas. On the off chance that there is a worldwide issue and the president needs to address the country the climber could find out about this through a mobile phone.

Essay on Importance of Vaccination

Essay on Importance of Vaccination Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases Dec 20, 2018 in Healthcare Vaccination Necessary to the Nations Health The discovery of vaccines became the break in medicine of the 19th century and helped to fight the dangerous infections which took millions of peoples lives. All people understood the need to prevent infectious diseases, and for a long time nobody had doubted that inoculations needed to be done. Today, the relation to vaccinations is ambiguous. The disputes between parents, doctors, journalists and independent experts have not ceased for some years, whether to inoculate or not to inoculate children. All arguing were divided into three groups: those who support vaccination, inocul ate themselves and inoculate their children; those who are categorically against vaccinations, thus, they were inoculated in the childhood but their children were not inoculated or inoculated with the violation of the inoculations calendar; those who have not decided yet, they read, listen, look for the answer and sometime later they make a positive decision on vaccination. When the child is born, he/she usually has immunity to some diseases. It is a merit of antibodies, struggling with diseases, which are transmitted through a placenta from the mother to the future newborn. Subsequently, the baby, being nursed, receives constantly additional antibodies with breast milk. However, such immunity is only temporary.

Protection of White Superiority in Americas Justice...

Essay #2 The United States prides itself on the fairness of its criminal justice system, a system that promises to protect the lives, liberties, and property of all citizens. As the threat of being a victim of a crime applies to all citizens of the United States, most Americans would agree that wrongdoers must be punished in order to maintain a safe and civil society. However, as demonstrated in Michelle Alexander’s book The New Jim Crow and Spike Lee’s film Do The Right Thing, the United States’ criminal justice system is a modern form of racial control. Although criminal laws are textually and facially impartial in regards to race, they are implemented in a way that is biased and discriminatory towards African Americans. Using Michael†¦show more content†¦In other words, obvious and direct forms of racial discrimination in the United States are viewed as socially unacceptable. For example, instead of talking about a need to put more African Americans in prison, â€Å"we talk about locking up more and more people, [but] what we’re really talking about is locking up more and more black men† (Alexander 105). The reason we perceive the word people to refer to African Americans is due to tactics used by the media when reporting on crime. Rather than report on crimes committed by blacks as well as by whites, â€Å"news stories regarding virtually all street crime have disproportionally featured African American offenders† (Alexander 106). As a result of the media’s inaccurate coverage of crime, our â€Å"racial schemas operate not only as part of conscious, rational deliberations, but also-automatically-without conscious awareness or intent† (Alexander 106). We have become conditioned to view African Americans as more likely to engage in criminal activities even though, for example, â€Å"African Americans constituted only 15 percent of current drug users in 1995, and they constitute roughly the same percentage today† (Alexander 106). Although this evidence proves that African Americans are not more likely to be drug users, people are hesitant in addressing this misconception for discussing issues about â€Å"race makes people uncomfortable† (Alexander 238). In particular, â€Å"police and prosecutors-like mostShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1239 Words   |  5 PagesTopic/Question: Have Black Lives Mattered? – Racial profiling in the justice system, increased incarceration of African Americans and the idea of â€Å"White Privilege† persists in the United States. 1. Introduction Even though America is the world dominating superpower and is known to intervene on behalf of the violation of human rights internationally, it fails to acknowledge and correct the flaws its legal and justice system present against its own citizens. African Americans have long been targetedRead MoreThe Apparatus Of Violence In The Jim Crow Machine. Gabrielle1767 Words   |  8 PagesJim Crow, a system of sustainable racial inequality, had a significant scope on racial relations for subsequent years to come. Jim Crow laws and its prescribed etiquette operated and represented the legitimization of anti blackness primarily but not exclusively in southern states of the United States. Scholarship has justifiably surveyed these codes of conduct with stressing African American disenfranchisement. However, violence has been presumed as a byproduct of the Jim Crow system, rather thanRead MoreFreedom In America2258 Words   |  10 PagesThe United States of America is and has always been ver y close to realizing democracy’s ideal of a country where there is â€Å"liberty and justice for all†, though a number of factors have conspired to move the country away from them in the past, and threaten to do so in our immediate future. Though their outcomes have varied considerably over the years, the main factors causing the U.S to stray from its ideals of freedom and equality have always been one or both of the following factors—discriminationRead MoreFeminism Is Defined As The Belief That Men And Women Should Have Equal Rights1600 Words   |  7 Pagesissues, which included sexuality, workplace, family, reproductive rights, domestic violence, etc. The second wave was a reaction to America’s post-World War II obsession of the ideal housewife that severely limited women’s choices and opportunities. During this period, middle and upper class women questioned their domestic roles and the patriarchal ideas of male superiority. Inspired by the Civil Rights Movement, feminists wanted to create a world of possibilities for women by promoting positive imagesRead MoreThe Controversial Supreme Court Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education Essay2371 Words   |  10 Pages1951. Mr. Oliver Brown brought his complaint to the Board of Education of Topeka. The complaint was simple, â€Å"[the] plaintiffs were being deprived of the equal protection of the laws because infant plaintiffs were compel led to attend segregated schools which could never provide an education for Negroes equal to the education offered whites because of the very nature of segregation, and were also unequal in certain tangible respects.† Brown’s complaint was fighting against the previous ruling of PlessyRead MoreAffirmative Action Was Created By Universities2060 Words   |  9 Pagesto all of these legislations working to limit the power, Affirmative Action has not proved to be a successful way to educate the next generation. By creating standards on education, America is hindering the progress of America by directly defying America’s independence and the nation’s freedom. This practice is not only creating racism in a free country, but it removes the student’s merit from the descision of their futures. Affirmative Action removes the decision of merit from the students enteringRead MoreEssay about The Growth and Development of Ideas on Race2191 Words   |  9 Pagesbut after this, records seem to dry up. Five hundred years later, their presence was once again documented, as free men who came to trade with English merchants. By the 1560s the Slave Trade had begun. This was a highly integrated global system operating in Africa, Europe and the Americas, involving the forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas. There was also an increased African presence in Britain, which continued to grow into the 1570s, which was madeRead MoreWomen in the Judiciary Essay2000 Words   |  8 Pagesneeds more women in the judiciary because women represent over half of the population, women represent nearly half of all lawyers, women bring invaluable life experiences to the bench, and more women in the judiciary is a better representation of America’s diverse society. According to the 2010 census conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of men is 151,781,326, or 49.2% of the total United States Population (Population by Sex and Selected Age Groups: 2000 and 2010 2). The U.S. populationRead MoreThe World Were In by Will Hutton4102 Words   |  17 PagesAmerican ideology, but in the end, this doesnt matter so much; see below). Ill give the book a +, but for rather complicated reasons. This book is a classic example of taking two gray objects, then painting one black and one white. Lily-pure Europeembodies compassion, growth without exploitation, and a clear long-term vision for an enlightened society. Vulgar (conservative) America represents unbalanced greed, questionable morals, and zeal for short-term profit Read MoreThe Fallacy of ‘Emancipation’: African Americans in Florida from 1865 - 1870 1918 Words   |  8 PagesLincoln’s assassination. To add to former slave woes, the southern economy lay destitute. Many southerners felt the added wage earners (former slaves) would destroy the cotton business’s productivity. Stated thus, many African-Americans were subjugated by White Elitists. Nevertheless, black Floridians advocated for economic, social, and even political equality, despite the hostile environment. This is interesting because it goes against the popular misconception of Florida’s history. During my secondary school

10 Fascinating Facts About Dung Beetles

Is there anything cooler than a dung beetle pushing a ball of poo? We think not. But lest you disagree, please consider these 10 fascinating facts about dung beetles. 1. Dung Beetles Eat Poop Dung beetles are coprophagous insects, meaning they eat the excrement of other organisms. Although not all dung beetles eat poop exclusively, they all eat feces at some point in their lives. Most prefer to feed on herbivore droppings, which are largely undigested plant matter, rather than carnivore waste, which holds very little nutritional value for insects. Recent research at the University of Nebraska suggests dung beetles may be most attracted to omnivore excrement since it provides both nutritional value and the right amount of odor to make it easy to find. 2.  Not All Dung Beetles Roll Their Poop When you think of a dung beetle, you probably picture a beetle pushing a ball of poop along the ground. But some dung beetles don’t bother rolling neat little dung balls at all. Instead, these coprophages stay close to their fecal finds. Aphidian dung beetles (subfamily Aphodiinae) simply live within the dung they find, often cow patties, rather than investing energy in moving it. The earth-boring dung beetles (family Geotrupidae) typically tunnel below the dung pile, making a burrow that can then be easily provisioned with poop. 3. Nests Filled With Poop for Offspring When dung beetles do carry or roll the dung away, they do so primarily to feed their young. Dung beetle nests are provisioned with poop, and the female usually deposits each egg in its own tiny dung sausage. When the larvae emerge, they are well-supplied with food, enabling them to complete their development within the safe environment of the nest. 4. Dung Beetles are Good Parents Dung beetles are one of the few groups of insects that exhibit parental care for their young. In most cases, child-rearing responsibilities fall on the mother, who constructs the nest and provisions it with food for her young. But in certain species, both parents share child care duties to some degree. In the Copris and Ontophagus dung beetles, the male and female work together to dig their nests. Certain Cephalodesmius dung beetles even mate for life. 5. Particular About the Poop They’ll Eat For most dung beetles, not just any poop will do. Many dung beetles specialize on the dung of particular animals, or types of animals, and simply will not touch the poo of other critters. Australians learned this lesson the hard way when the outback was nearly buried in cattle dung. Two hundred years ago, settlers introduced horses, sheep, and cattle to Australia, all grazing animals that were new to the native dung beetles. The Australian dung beetles were raised on poop from Down Under, like kangaroo poo, and refused to clean up after the exotic newcomers. Around 1960, Australia imported exotic dung beetles that were adapted to eating cattle dung, and things got back to normal. 6. Really Good at Finding Poop When it comes to poop, the fresher the better (at least from the dung beetles perspective). Once a dung patty has dried out, it’s less palatable to even the most dedicated poop eater. So dung beetles move quickly when an herbivore drops a gift in the pasture. One scientist observed 4,000 dung beetles on a fresh pile of elephant scat within 15 minutes after it hit the ground, and shortly thereafter, they were joined by an additional 12,000 dung beetles. With that kind of competition, you have to move quickly if you’re a dung beetle. 7. Navigate Using the Milky Way With so many dung beetles vying for the same pile of poop, a beetle needs to make a quick getaway once he’s rolled his dung ball. But it’s not easy to roll a ball of poop in a straight line, especially when you’re pushing your ball from behind using your hind legs. So the first thing the dung beetle does is climb atop his sphere and orient himself. Scientists had long observed dung beetles dancing on their poo balls, and suspected they were looking for cues to help them navigate. New research confirmed that at least one species of African dung beetle, Scarabaeus satyrus, uses the Milky Way as a guide to steering its dung ball home. The researchers placed tiny hats on the dung beetles, effectively blocking their view of the heavens, and found the dung beetles could only wander aimlessly without being able to see the stars. 8. Use Their Poop Balls to Cool Off Have you ever walked barefoot across a sandy beach on a scorching hot summer day? If so, you probably did your share of hopping, skipping, and running to avoid painful burns to your feet. Since dung beetles often live in similarly hot, sunny places, scientists wondered if they, too, worried about burning their tootsies. A recent study showed that dung beetles use their dung balls to cool off. Around noon, when the sun is at its peak, dung beetles will routinely climb atop their dung balls to give their feet a break from the hot ground. The scientists tried putting tiny, silicone booties on the dung beetles, and they discovered the beetles wearing shoes would take fewer breaks and push their dung balls longer than the beetles that were barefoot. Thermal imaging also showed that the dung balls were measurably cooler than the surrounding environment, probably because of their moisture content. 9. Some are Surprisingly Strong Even a small ball of fresh dung can be hefty to push, weighing 50 times the weight of the determined dung beetle. Male dung beetles need exceptional strength, not just for pushing dung balls but also for fending off male competitors. The individual strength record goes to a male Onthphagus taurus dung beetle, which pulled a load equivalent to 1,141 times its own body weight. How does this compare to human feats of strength? This would be like a 150-pound person pulling 80 tons. 10. Ancient Dung Beetles Existed Because they lack bones, insects rarely show up in the fossil record. But we do know that dung beetles existed around 30 million years ago because paleontologists have found fossilized dung balls the size of tennis balls from that time. Prehistoric dung beetles collected the poop of South America’s megafauna: car-sized armadillos, sloths taller than modern houses, and a peculiar long-necked herbivore called Macrauchenia.

The Fundamental And Structural Principles Of The...

A constitution refers to a set of rules and guidelines intended to create both the fundamental and structural principles of the government in a state or nation. A constitution is either written or unwritten. On one hand, a written constitution is a formal document that defines the attributes or characteristics of the constitutional settlement, the rules governing the political system and the roles and responsibilities of the government and rights of citizens and inhabitants in a codified form (Shamgar 345). On the other hand, an unwritten or uncodified constitution refers to a form of the constitution where the essential rules of any nation’s government are in the form of customs, precedent, usage, and a range of statutes and legal instruments. Only three countries in the world have an unwritten constitution. They include the United Kingdom, Israel, and New Zealand. Ordinarily, a constitution is written following major political revolutions or reforms. For instance, the United States of America wrote their constitution in 1787 following the Second World War. Germany and Japan also wrote theirs at that time. Written Constitution versus Unwritten Constitution Traditionally, there were two main reasons why constitutions were essential. First, it offered an explanation on the structure of the government and its roles and responsibilities. Second, governments and citizens viewed a constitution as the pillar of liberal democracy. However, Heywood (2007) argues that the twoShow MoreRelatedGlobalization - Turkey1743 Words   |  7 Pagesoutstanding performance characterized by continuous growth. With a solid macroeconomic strategy accompanied by prudent fiscal measures and major structural reforms in place since 2002, the Turkish economy has become integrated in a global environment and transform the country into one of the most popular destinations in the region for FDI. Structural reforms, spurred by the accession process of Turkey to the EU, have paved the way for comprehensive changes in many areas. These efforts were primarilyRead MoreThe United States Constittution Essay examples1114 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution AMERICAN HISTORY – Pre-Columbian through the Civil War After the War the 13 colonies first formed a very weak central government under the Articles of Confederation. This government lacked, for example, any power to impose taxes, as it had no method of enforcing payment. It had no authority to override tax laws and tariffs between states. The Articles required unanimous consent from all the states before any changes could take effect. States took the central governmentRead MoreFeatures Of The Written Constitution Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will analyze in detail features of the written constitution and explain whether it should be included or not. Firstly, I would give a specific definition of a constitution. Then I state clear summary of three features of current New Zealand constitution comprised of democracy principle, its timely adaptability, and its various sources. After that, there are three features of written constitution which are democracy principles, an entrenched law and an enforceable mechanism would be illu stratedRead MoreRoles and Functions of Law Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesantitrust, bankruptcy, patent, copyright, and some maritime cases. Federal court jurisdiction, by contrast, is limited to the types of cases listed in the Constitution and specifically provided for by Congress. For the most part, federal courts only hear cases in which the United States is a party, Cases involving violations of the U.S. Constitution or federal laws (under federal-question jurisdiction), Cases between citizens of different states if the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 (under diversityRead MorePaper1748 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Younkuk Chois ECM Eyes Current Medical News Commentaries - Viewpoints from an Eight-Constitution Medicine Clinician - í•Å"ì ËœÃ¬â€š ¬ ì µÅ"ìâ€" °Ãª µ ­Ã¬ Ëœ ECM Eyes ì µÅ"ì‹  Ã¬ ËœÃ­â€¢â„¢Ã«â€° ´Ã¬Å  ¤Ã­â€¢ ´Ã¬â€ž ¤ - 8ì ² ´Ã¬ §Ë†Ã¬Å¾â€žÃ¬Æ' Ã¬ ËœÃ¬â€š ¬Ã¬ Ëœ 안ë ª © - Preface Around April of 2015, while I was preparing for the 50th anniversary of the introduction of eight-constitution medicine (ECM) and ECM academic seminar, I planned on making the Teacher’s Day event in May and ECM Day event in October, which I had previously attended with some colleagues, open to other interested fellowRead MoreLiberal Nature of Indian State1308 Words   |  6 PagesDISCUSS THE NATURE OF THE INDIAN STATE ACCORDING TO LIBERAL PERSPECTIVE. The state is being perceived as an organised structural and institutional whole epitomizing the power relations of society. The state in a developing society arise from historical factors and interacts with society through its decisive role in the economic process of the nation. To study the nature of any particular state, it is necessary to analyse to relation between state, power, and social classes and the purpose ofRead MoreWomen s Status Of Women1668 Words   |  7 Pagesscenario of women in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh is committed to attain the objectives of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and MDGs in conformity with the fundamental rights enshrined in the Bangladesh Constitution. 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Trias Politica As a relatively new country less than a quarter of a millennium old, the USA operates with a codified constitution ratified in 1788. This document outlines a national framework of government. Key to this is the notion of a separation of powers, whereby the executive, judiciary and legislature are separate and independent of each other. The president of the

Ottoman empire Essay Example For Students

Ottoman empire Essay Around 1293 the chieftain of a nomadic Turkish tribe named Osman, founded an empire that would endure almost six hundred years. As this empire grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire and beyond, it came to include, at its height, all of Asia Minor, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Romania, Egypt, Crete, Cyprus, Palestine, and North Africa through Algeria; parts of Hungry, Austria, Russia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, U. A.E., and Syria. The elite tactics and fearsome fighting of the well trained Janissary Corps helped make the Ottoman Empire one of the largest in the world’s history. -1- The first â€Å"army† of the Ottoman Empire was made up Gazis, Turkish faith fighters. They were effective against small countries and principalities, but were not always reliable. (J.F. VonHamer-Purgstal 771) For example, the original Ottoman state was very close to Constantinople, the capital of the struggling Byzantine Empire, it was not captured until 1453. At the time of its formation the Ottoman state could not defeat the defending armies of Constantinople due to its small and untrained army. (Bossenbrook 504) In addition, when the Ottomans went to face the larger and more powerful army of the Tatar Empire, under the leadership of Tamerlane, the Gazis deserted. Left with an army made of Christian vassals, the Ottomans fell to the Tatar army. (J.F. VonHamer-Purgstal 771) Since the Gazis proved to be unreliable Sultan Murad I around 1371 thought it necessary to build up an army that would have superior fighting power and be loyal to him. He began to build up the power of various non-Turkish groups in his service, particularly those composed of Christian slaves and converts to Islam. (J.F. VonHamer-Purgstal 771) -2- This new military infantry was well organized and trained; it was called the Janissary Corps. (J. F. VonHamer-Purgstal 773) These Janissary warriors were mostly composed of Christians or Jews who had converted to Islam. They were brought up in the Janissary camp from about the age of 5. They were trained to be fearsome warriors, although some were trained to be administrators. Most of the Janissary soldiers were in the cavalry. The cavalry was one of the main keys to the Ottoman’s many victories. The Janissary Corp’s soldiers were paid with a regular salary now that the country was established and taxes were collected. â€Å"Orhan’s son of Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire capture of Bursa in 1324 provided the first means for developing the administrative, financial, and military power necessary to make this principality into a real state and create an army† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 773). The Janissary Corps were the most awesome force that Europe had contended with for centuries. They were the most fearsome fighters to attack Europe since Gengis Khan’s Golden Hordes. They fought like well trained animals. â€Å"Orhan soon was able to capture the remaining Byzantine towns in north- western Antola: Iznik(1331), Izmit(1337), and Uskudar(1338)† (J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 771). -3- â€Å"Murad conquered Thorace, northwest of Constantinople in 1361. He moved the capital to Adrianople† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 772). The Ottomans were not always expanding by means of war and conquest. They also gained territory through marriage and purchases. â€Å"Bayezed extended the empire in Europe and added outposts along the Black Sea† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 773). The Ottomans became more powerful and now they added an artillery branch to their Janissary training. â€Å"Murad then inaugurated the First Venetian Ottoman War (1423-30) .. . Venice moreover accepted Solonica to prevent further Ottoman expansion† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 773). Murad had been warning Venice that if it didn’t give up Solonica to the Ottomans, it would be forced to go to war with them. Venice at the time had the largest navy and thought it could defeat the Ottomans, who lacked a large navy. So Murad then ordered a grand navy to be built. It was completed within a year’s time, and the Ottomans went to war. .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 , .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .postImageUrl , .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 , .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:hover , .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:visited , .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:active { border:0!important; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:active , .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89 .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u856ecd6776c90b8e55710e46f6476b89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: War Simulation Softwar Essay -4- At first they attacked the harbor cities for 6 years, then they landed the Janissaries and they easily overcame the small Venetian militia. â€Å"The Ottomans rapidly became a sea power in the eastern Mediterranean† (Bossenbrook 504). After the win against Venice Sultan Bayezid was pushed into making more conquests in Europe by his militant Deusirme group. So in 1483 he pushed the power of the Ottoman Empire south of the Danube by taking Slovia and Hersegovania. â€Å" Bayezid was forced into a number of campaigns by the exigencies of time and the demands of his more militant Devsirme followers. In Europe, he rounded off the Empire south of the Danube and Slovia by taking Hersegovania (1483)m leaving only Belgrade out of Ottman’s control† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 774). The Ottomans had always wanted control of Mesopotamia and the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. In the month of August,1514 they went to war against the Safavid army. They crush the army of Safavid because they had superiority in tactics and weapons (they also had gunpowder and cannons, compared to the Safavid, bows, arrows and spears. -5- ‘‘The Ottoman and Safavid armies clashed at Chaldiran of the eastern side of the Euphrates (Aug. 23, 1516) and the Safavids were routed by the Ottoman superiority in weapons and tactics-particularly because they had cannons and gunpowder, in contrast to the Safavid’s bows, arrows and spears ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 778). â€Å"The Byzantine empire was weakened by Latin conquests, and now it was further enfeebled by the loss of areas from which they might draw soldiers and revenues.. . those conquered territories encircled the city of Constantinople; it was therefore in a very precarious position† (Bossenbrook 504). The Ottomans, now with a powerful, better trained and well supplied army, went and sieged the city of Constantinople (April 6-May 28, 1453). Finally on May 29,1453 the city fell to the powerful army of the Ottomans. The Ottomans changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul, and made it its capitol. Venice had built up a series of forts along the Agean Sea (they considered it to be a Venetian Sea). The Ottomans saw them as a threat to their navy and expansion. They demanded the Venitians to surrender them. -6- â€Å"When Venice refused to surrender its important forts on the Agean coast of the Morea, Mehemed inaugurated the second Venitian-Ottoman War (1463-79) and several naval raids led to peace in 1479 whereby Venice gave up its forts and paid an annual tribute† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 778). After the defeat of the Safavid army Selim took the opportunity to attack the weak state of the Mamluks, who were in a period of civil disorder, due to the death of their leader. The Ottomans crushed the small and out manned army. By 1517 the Ottomans had control of Syria and Egypt. â€Å"With Shah Esmail of the Safavid Empire still busy restoring his army, Selim was able to overcome the Mamluks in a single years campaign during the summer and winter of 1516-17. The Mamluk army fell easily to the well organized and disciplined Ottoman infantry and cavalry, supported by artillery† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 778). The Europeans had started to fear the Ottomans in the latter half of the 13th century. In the 16th century Doria of Spain thought that an allied force of European armies personally led by him would be able to defeat the Ottoman’s navy’s power in the Mediterranean. -7- And thus, allow European countries to colonize Crete, Cyprus and Northern Africa. â€Å"Dorian then organized and led an allied European naval force against the Ottomans, but it was routed at the Battle of Preveza (September 25-28 1538). Venice then surrendered it last possessions in the Agean, Morea, and Dalmatia, thus assuring Ottoman naval supremacy† ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 779). .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 , .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .postImageUrl , .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 , .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:hover , .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:visited , .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:active { border:0!important; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:active , .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3 .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u472436f0c2121fee9bfe82310e5eabc3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teenage pregnancy The IssuesThe causes and the eff Essay Meanwhile the Ottoman Empire continued to conquer and terrorize Europe for 200 years more. But slow decline of the Sultan’s power led to the decline of the empire. It started after Suleyman I died in 1566. The Ottomans suffer their first military defeat in 1683, and from then on started losing territories. ( J. F. von Hamer-Pugstall 783) The Ottoman military fearsomeness was still in existence after the empire had disintegrated. Turkey was formed after the Ottoman Empire was destroyed in 1918 following the final defeat in World War I. The fear of Turkish fighters was abundant during World War II. Turkish infantryman would wrap rope around their chest and stomach prior to a ground attack. -8- These soldiers would attack with sword in hand to lop off the heads of enemy soldiers even after being shot many times. The rope around the body would help keep the Turk from collapsing as he was being â€Å"filled with lead†; he would then be able to reach his victim and â€Å"take one with him† ( Portillo, 1994). -9-Bibliography:

Slaughter Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Kurt Vonnegut

Slaughter House Five Theme Bombshells exploding all around, destruction everywhere, civilians running for their lives... total devastation. This is exactly what Kurt Vonnegut encountered in the fire-bombing of Dresden during World War Two. Vonnegut bases his novel, Slaughterhouse-five on this event in his life. Several themes can be seen throughout the novel: The theme of war and its contrast with beauty, love and innocence, the theme that people are merely "bugs in amber", the theme that death is inevitable and that no matter who dies, life goes on, and finally, the theme that no matter what happens, one must retain his humanity. The first and perhaps most obvious theme is the idea of war and its contrast with beauty, love, and innocence. Vonnegut uses Slaughterhouse-five to show his readers a simple concept: that war is bad and love is good. But, the subject of love is not often brought up in the book. There are no broken romances because of the war, and none of the characters really talk about love. For example, Billy did not even seem to love his wife very much. However, Vonnegut sees love and beauty in things other people might not see. When Billy was captured by the Germans, he did not see them as a horrible enemy, but as innocent people. "Billy looked up at the face that went with the clogs. It was the face of a blond angel, of a fifteen-year-old boy. The boy was as beautiful as Eve." (Vonnegut 53) Vonnegut finely explains the contrast between war and love, beauty and innocence. The second theme is very different from the first one, but it is perhaps the most often stated. Vonnegut tells his readers that people are all "bugs in amber". This phrase is seen when Billy is captured by the Tralfamadorians. The idea can also be interpreted as man being physically stuck in this world and having no choice as to what he can or cannot do. Man can think about everything, but he does not have the power to change anything or create anything. This idea is seen when Billy finds himself proposing to Valencia. "Billy didn't want to marry ugly Valencia. She was one of the symptoms of his disease. He knew he was going crazy when he heard himself proposing marriage to her, when he begged her to take the diamond ring and be his companion for life." (Vonnegut 107) Billy didn't want to marry Valencia, but he was "stuck in amber", so he did. The main thing Vonnegut likely wanted to show with this theme has to do with war. When Billy discusses the problems on earth with the Tralfamadorians, they tell him that there is no way to prevent war. They tell him that to try to prevent war would be "stupid", because there would always be wars and that mankind was "designed" that way. People may work for peace, but they are wrong and do not understand human nature. Mankind cannot stop war because we are "stuck in amber". So man should just keep on living life as it comes. Vonnegut clearly explains this point in the novel. Another distinct theme is that death is inevitable and that no matter who dies, life still goes on. The phrase "So it goes" appears every time someone dies, which is one hundred and three times. It enables the narration to keep going and probably helped the author see death as the Tralfamadorians do. "When a Tralfamadorian sees a corpse, all he thinks is that the dead person is in a bad condition in the particular moment, but that the same person is just fine in plenty of other moments. Now, when I myself hear that somebody is dead, I simply shrug and say what the Tralfamadorians say about dead people, which is `So it goes'". (Vonnegut 27) The theme that death is inevitable is thoroughly expressed and plainly seen in the novel. Slaughterhouse-five has many different themes, but perhaps the main thing that Vonnegut wanted to express to his readers is that no matter what happens, people must retain their humanity. In other words, man should not let himself be ruled by anyone or anything, be it a god, money, power... We should be ourselves. "I looked through the Gideon Bible in my motel room for tales of great destruction. The sun was risen upon the Earth when Lot entered into Zo-ar, I read. Then the Lord rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from Lord out of Heaven; and He overthrew

The eNotes Blog April is National Poetry Month! Here Are 14 Ways toCelebrate

April is National Poetry Month! Here Are 14 Ways toCelebrate These days, it seems like so many arbitrary things now have their own National Day (or week, or month- National Candied Orange Peel Day*, anyone?), but Poetry Month is a celebration that has been going on for twenty years! Regardless of the duration of its appreciation month, its safe to say that poetry has been immeasurably influential throughout human history; even before the invention of writing,  people  told stories to one another in the form of long, epic poems. Now, candied oranges are pretty great, and chances are theyve been around for a long time too, but were betting that they havent had quite the same societal and artistic impact. It may seem that poetry is much less common these days than it was back when the Bard was around, but that isnt necessarily true. While we dont all wait for the latest poem with baited breath, poetry still plays a big part in expression and art in todays world. But with its loss of mainstream prevalence, there has been something of a loss of education in the poetic field, so to speak. Many students these days arent introduced to poetry until middle or high school, and by then, it can be increasingly difficult to get into it. So, we at have done some research into some of the best ways to celebrate this month of poems. Even if were getting started halfway through the month, the April celebration of all things poetic  need not stop on the 30th; if you like what youre doing, why not bring the spirit into May? 1. Sign up for a Poem-a-Day service On  Poets.org  you can take out a subscription and get a free poem delivered straight to your inbox every morning! 2. Sign up for a poetry class or workshop A big part of whats daunting about poetry is that a lot of people dont really understand what its about or how to begin writing or appreciating it. Poetry classes are surprisingly common, so look up the public classes in your area and find one that deals with poetry. 3. Explore various forms of poetry If youre one of the many people who think that something has to rhyme in order to be a poem, you may want to look into doing a little research! There are so many kinds of poetry, its a little crazy. If you want a little limerick, of course there are tons of those, but there are also sonnets, free-verse, haiku, epic Basically, there are as many types of poems as there are genres of novels- maybe even more. 4. Look into some international poetry Delving further into the idea of poetry genres, you may find it worth your while to look into some poetry from around the world. Not only will you be introduced to a bunch of new authors you may not have otherwise become acquainted with, but youll also discover some unique styles (i.e. the Japanese haiku, or the ancient Persian ghazal). 5. Check out a poetry slam Let me start by saying that poetry slams are pretty cool; where else can you go and listen to  local authors perform their work with some serious passion? Poetry slams are great opportunities to hear about unique perspectives on social issues (good and bad) in the company of your peers. These slams can get pretty competitive and intense, so if you do go to one, be prepared for an emotional rollercoaster. In a good way. A good place to start is Button Poetrys YouTube page and also our poetry slam post with a selection of moving  social justice poems. 6. Start  a poetry club If poetry is your thing (either reading it or writing it), why not find others that share that passion? Sharing poetry is hard, especially if its a poem that youve written yourself; poems share a special piece of your psyche, and opening up on that level isnt easy. So if you can find some fellow  aspiring poets, it may be beneficial to share your work with one another and get a little soul-baring practice in a safe space. 7. Memorize a poem that means something to you Having some inspirational and/or beautiful words to call upon when youre feeling blue can be a highly therapeutic tool. It can be a long poem or a short one, but either way, you may find that making a poem with a calming message into a mantra may be a good way to keep you in a happy place, even in the tough times. 8. Set aside some time to write Chances are that youre a busy person, and when youre a busy person, sometimes the last thing you want to do in your free time is, well, more work. But writing doesnt have to be something you just do for school. If you like poetry, it may be nice to set aside a chunk of time to let your brain do its artsy thing and create something meaningful. 9. Draw a poem One great thing about art is that so many of its forms can be blended together. For example, how often do you listen to a song and find yourself daydreaming  or imagining something awesome? Poetry works to inspire us in much the same way; next time you read a poem, imagine the imagery it creates and give drawing it a try. At the very least, youll have a cool piece of art to put on the wall. 10. Think metaphorically A metaphor is a powerful poetic device that can be defined as  a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. Metaphors are so common that often we dont really pay attention to one when we hear it. For the rest of April, keep a list of metaphors you hear day-to-day. It may be fun to look back at the end of the month (or whenever) to see what little expressions people are using these days. 11. Check out TED Talks Chances are youre at least familiar with the concept of a TED Talk. If not, TED is a non-profit devoted to spreading ideas and education, usually in the form of short but passionate speeches. Poets and poetry are frequent stars of the TED stage, so if you cant make it to a slam or are looking for a particular type of poem, check out some TED Talks online or find out  if theres one coming to your area. Click here to check out some poetic TEDs! 12. Download a poetry app Hit up the app store for your smart-device (whatever it may be) and download  Poetry Magazines app for inside information about poetry, poems, and poets of the past and present. 13.  Celebrate on Twitter Post a poem with the hashtag  #NationalPoetryMonth to get your work  noticed. Also fun:  search the hashtag and take a look at poems others have already tweeted. 14. Tune into NPR This month, NPRs Tell Me More has some poetically inclined features, including the reading of listener-submitted poetry (another opportunity to share your art with the world, and this way you could be as anonymous as you please). *In case you were wondering, National Candied Orange Peel Day does actually appear to be a thing, and it falls on May 4th.

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT & FINANCE- Assessment Element 2 Essay

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT & FINANCE- Assessment Element 2 - Essay Example Financial Position Key Financial Indicator: This part of the report includes some key financial performance indicators for the three-retail giant of UK. This three company shares almost 72% of UK retail market share. Looking at the size of the company it is very important for management to identify the key financial performance indicator for their organisation. Sales Growth This is one of the major performance indicator for most of the companies particularly companies within retail sector. These companies are serving consumers by providing their basic and luxury items. Sales growth indicates company’s current position in the market as compare to its peer group. Since UK retail market is almost an oligopoly market it can be easily evaluate the performance and efficiency of the management of these three companies. Operating Profit Operating profit is another appropriate performance measurement indicator. Since these companies are largely utilising their fixed asset and labor, it is very important for this companies to maintain their operating cost efficiently. High labour cost or operating expenses can lead to a humongous loss to any firm and its shareholders. Financial Ratio: Any investors or potential investors generally analyse the financial ratios of a company before making an investment on it as they properly indicate the current position of the company. At the same time, these financial ratios are important from manager’s point of view also to assess their performance. While creditors also look at those ratios before giving any loan to the company. Precisely speaking everybody analyse the ratios before involving with any organisation. Ratios like ROE, EPS, and Dividend Payout are the most relevant from investor’s point of view as they are specifically indicate return generate by a company using invested capital. Whereas leverage ratios, efficiency ratio, operating or net profit depending on business (in retail industry operating) are of more interest to managers. While creditors i.e. lenders are more interested to see the efficiency and cash conversion ratios of a particular firm. Accordingly the below explained ratios are very important for retail industry. Operating Profit Margin: This indicates the operating profit as a percentage of sales. OPM signifies firm’s capability of generating profit from its operating activities. Generally, higher operating profit creates some tremendous investment opportunities for both investors and lenders. Total Asset Turnover: The ratio is an appropriate indicator of the fact that how efficiently and effectively company is utilising their assets to generate revenue. This ratio is very important for a retail company as they posse’s lots of fixed assets. The higher asset turnover signifies higher asset utilisation. This ratio is a good indicator of management efficiency. Higher asset turnover implies efficient management team. Current Ratio: This ratio is very importa nt from retail industry point of view as it indicates the liquidity position of the c

Socialism and Division Between the Public and the Private Domains Essay

Socialism and Division Between the Public and the Private Domains - Essay Example Countless dilemmas surfaced initially through socialism that was later replaced by the socio economic structures in the later years. Karl Marx explains that socialism can be attained through community effort and grassroots revolution forming a free enterprise that is referred as the Dictatorship of the proletariat. Hann (1993) states that the congregation of the anthropology and socialism can exhibit numerous dividends for the society and at the same time assist in helping to understand the term socialism. When one studies the issues created by ethnographic accounts of the era post communism one comes to comprehend the significance of studying history; as it assists in emphasizing and understanding such issues that surfaced since the end of Soviet Union and communist ascendancy in Eastern Europe. Prior to the formation of socialist societies the communal apartment was a common feature of everyday life that was devoid of any seclusion forcing distinct families to live together, sharing the domestic habitat. This fact practiced by the Soviet citizens has been elaborately highlighted by Gerasimova (2002) and Buchli explaining the alterations in the configurations of the private and public residents in the Soviet history as well as the correlation of their living spaces in prevailing housing schemes. The domestic duties lay in the hands of women alone while men were submissive to more technical work whether outside or inside the house. New social guidelines eradicated the private ownership of housing schemes thus giving rise to public spheres. The revolutionary Great Retreat in the 1930 brought main transformation, when the communal hierarchy resolutely recognized the cultured way of life and changed the boundaries between the private and public life. Besides Eastern Europe the People's Republic of China, the largest country in East Asia developed itself as a socialist state in 1949 while the Republic of Cuba, a country in the Caribbean witnessed the Cuban Revolution that led to the overthrow of the Dictator government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July movement and other revolutionary organizationsin 1959, and was declared a socialist state in 1961. Foucault (1991) observes the concept of government practices and the role of criticism; that acts as an important element to bring about a change in approach and achievements as a result. He states that governmental activities whether at present or in the past records have been altered to be more realistic and sensible over the years declaring it as an inventive and cultured objective not an instinctive one. Various phenomenons occurred in the socialist and post socialist Eastern Europe as well as the capitalist West namely the privatization, the growth of the neo liberalism or the weakening of the welfare state which were later replaced by the socio economic structures. Each member of the society from the likes of bureaucrats and elites, to that of ordinary workers, and entrepreneurs and peasants faced individual issues as a result of such powerful revolutions. As accordingly

How and why do women and men speak differently?

How and why do women and men speak differently? Task: How and why do women and men speak differently? What explanations do different approaches in Sociolinguistics provide for the differences in language use by them? Which of these approaches do you agree with and why? In recent years, the assertion that women and men typically employ different speech style is pursued in a wide range of studies. Also, different sociolinguistics approaches such as variationist sociolinguistic, interactional sociolinguistic and ethnography of communication have put forward different explanations regarding this issue. Following by that, three approaches of language and gender have been also proposed by Jennifer Coates in her book â€Å"Women, Men and Language† (1986), which are the deficit approach, the dominance approach and the cultural difference approach to clarify this issue. Firstly,variationist sociolinguistics explains that different social conditions, for example different ages, genders, social classes and identities of interlocutors may discover different patterns of speech style. In this manner, it is suggested that the deficit approach which is proposed by Coates (1986) has followed the variationist sociolinguistic approach as deficit approach explains that the social status and identities of women have affected their speech style. According to Coates (1986), deficit is an approach established by Lakoff (1975). Robin Lakoffs (1975) influential exploratory essay, Language and Womans Place, about the ways womens speech differs from mens suggests that women are disadvantaged relative to men by a commonly inferior, less forceful â€Å"womens language† which they learn through socialisation. Also, she emphasises various female forms and styles conveying weakness, uncertainty, and unimportance. For instance, Lakoff argues that tag questions (1975: 16) and hedges (1975:54) are always used by women where they were unwilling to state a proposition directly. Indeed, her claims have been proven through a research carried out by Michael et. al. (2010) which determines the differences in conversational styles of men and women in Malaysia. The research points up that Malaysian women used more questions and hedges in their speech than men in order to keep the conversation going (Fishman, 1980; cited in Michael et. al., 2010). In this way, a psychological explanation given by Lakoff (1975) to womens usage of questions and hedges is due to the nature of womens secondary status, which is their sense of inferiority. She states that women feel unsecure of themselves because they have been taught to express themselves in â€Å"womens language†, which abounds in markers of uncertainty. Correspondingly, in Penelope Browns study of mens and womens speech patterns in a Mayan community in Mexico (1980), she found that a frequent correlation between higher status and the male sex affects the speech of men from that of women. She established that women in the Mayan community used the extremes of politeness, while men spoke more ‘matter-of-factly (Brown, 1980). Therefore, Brown (1980) relates these findings to the powerlessness social position of women in Mayan community as well, such as their vulnerability in relation to men and their need to protect their reputations. Hence, it seems reasonable to predict that women in general will speak more formally and more politely, since women are culturally referred to a secondary status relative to men and a higher level of politeness is expected from inferiors to superiors. Regarding to the same issue, other variationist explanations are given through Trudgills and Labovs researches. Trudgill claims that women typically hypercorrect where they speak more formally, using a higher proportion of prestige forms than men do in order to strive for social advancements. Likewise, Labov (1966; 312-495) found that at each socioeconomic level, except the very lowest, employ the same pattern. For example, in the description of Labovs investigations in New York City (1966), English speakers in New York sometimes pronounce the /r/ sound in words like ‘car, ‘floor and ‘fourth, and at other times they omit it. Beyond the finding that all speakers fluctuate between the inclusion and omission of /r/, Labov shows that speakers from a high socioeconomic level tend to pronounce /r/ relatively often. However, /r/ inclusion is more frequent in the speech of lower middle class women where they pay much careful attention in their speech. They use the upper mid dle class or the upper class as their reference as their accent has higher prestige and their own vernacular forms do not appear as often in casual speech (Labov, 1966). Besides, Labov (1966) suggests that the more formal a context of speech becomes, the more will the lower middle class women adopt the features of the higher class and will even overtake the rate of the upper class in the most formal style. Furthermore, Fischer (1958; cited in Angle Hesse-Biber, 1981) also found that women were more probable than men to prefer the standard gerundive suffix -ing to the more informal -in. In relation to Labov (1966), hypercorrection of the middle class women is associated with a relatively high level of linguistic insecurity as their extreme attention to external standards can be coupled with the weaker economic base of women, their relative powerlessness, and the oppressive nature of social stratification. In contrast, the tendency of men to actually lower the status level of their s peech is seen as evidence that men have a covert norm of prestige that runs contrary to that assigning prestige to the standard forms. Secondly, ethnography of communication approach which is used as a mean to study the interactions among members of a particular speech community which has a specific culture could be used to explain the differences in speech style of men and women as well. This is because speech communities create and establish their own speaking codes or norms (Philipsen, 1975). Essentially, the dominance approach with is suggested by Coates (1986) could be associated with ethnography of communication as well, as male dominance is always one of the factors or cultures of some speech communities that affects mens and womens speech style. One of the examples from which dominance approach is applied is in Korea, which the country social structure consists of a royal monarch, a patriarchically dominated family system that emphasises the maintenance of family lines (Cho, 2006). Also, this structure has tended to separate roles of women from those of men. Therefore, Cho claims that Korean women are seen a s the powerless and subordinate group whose difference speech style is resulted from male supremacy. An example of male dominance in Korean society illustrated by Cho (2006) is, a married Korean woman will rarely introduce herself to others with her own name, but habitually calls herself someones mother or wife, even though she has a profession. One might also explain this in terms of the dominance model, where female uses a term that identifies her relationship to husband, either as a mother or a wife, to show her subordination to her husband. Conversely, male uses his own name to offer himself with an individual identity. Next, interactionist sociolinguistics approach is mainly interested in what language use can tell about social processes. Besides, it asserts that environmental factors are more dominant in language acquisition. In other words, interactionist approach places the importance on home and cultural environment in language learning. Thus, this approach is followed by Deborah Tannens (1990, 1992) cultural differences approach when she describes communication between men and women as â€Å"cross-cultural communication†. She (1992:109) asserts that cultural differences between men and women including diverse expectations about the gender role of talk in relationships and how they have to achieve that role. Tannen (1990) outlines, speech styles begin to established in childhood and continue through adulthood. She believes that women and men have dissimilar pass experiences. Boys and girls grow up in different cultural environment. They travel in different worlds and adapt to different c ultures, reinforcing patterns established in childhood. In order to elaborate on speech styles, Tannen (1990:77) depicts that most men are very quiet at home, but will freely talk up in public and participate in discussion groups. Basically, they use a reporting communication style, to preserve independence as well as negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. Also, men avoid small talk. Conversely, women have a rapport communications establishing connections, negotiating relationships and enjoying private conversations (Tannen, 1990). They do most of the talking in private conversations such as when they are at home. However, when in a public occasions, women are not as comfortable in voicing their views. In this manner, Tannen (1990) asserts that men are more concerned with status and independence whereas women prefer connection and intimacy. She considers that these cultural differences can give women and men a different perception at the same situation and the refore they employ different speech styles. In my viewpoint, I believe that there is a truth in the claim of interactionist approach, and I think that this approach has best described the language and gender issues. As what has been claimed by Tannen (1990), I agree that men and women come from different sociolinguistic subcultures would have different conceptions of friendly conversation, different rules for engaging in it, and different rules for interpreting it. Hence, cultural differences approach which follows interactionist approach has evidently described that cultural differences will truly impose a number of differences in speech style between men and women. Nevertheless, my point here is that cultural differences alone cannot sufficiently clarify the whole pattern of language difference. In fact, deficit approach and dominance approach may make some contribution even though there would be some biasness or stereotypes included in these approaches. This is because there is a clear pattern for language style shown by di fferent linguists over the years, which correlated with men to be that of power and dominance, and that associated with women to be that of powerlessness and submissiveness (e.g. Lakoff, 1975). To summarise, gender different in patterns and styles of communication should be viewed as a complex issue where there are many approaches and factors involved in it. Individuals would not use one form of speech style in all occasions and with all people. They would consider various factors and decide on different communicative strategies to transmit meaning correctly and effectively. Effect of Mineral Deficiency on Plants | Experiment Effect of Mineral Deficiency on Plants | Experiment This will affect both germinating seedlings and growing plants. Different concentrations of CO2 can cause plants to grow at different rates. Plants need CO2 in the air in to respire in the same way, as we need oxygen. Without it they would not be able to create energy so they couldnt grow. The problem with trying to monitor the affects that different amounts of CO2 would have on the cress seed is that it is hard to control the level of CO2. In school we do not have the equipment. Amount of water in the soil (assuming that it is grown in soil): This will affect both germinating seedlings growing plants. Plants need water for the transportation of different molecules such as glucose. It is essential for growth. They do this by osmosis. With out water they would dry out die. Water also makes germination easier because it softens the shell. Amount of light (Intensity, wavelength): Only growing plants need light in order to grow. Seeds dont need light because they are usually under ground when they germinate. Plants need light because this is how they get food. The sunlight gets trapped in the plants leaves by chloroplast cells and turned into energy. The reaction by which this takes place is called photosynthesis. The equation for this reaction is 6CO2 +6 H2O = 6O2 + C6H12O6 Sunlight is not only vital for the plants growth but also vital for us because without light all plants would die meaning no oxygen in the air. Different wavelengths reflect off the leaves, only certain wavelengths get absorbed. Competition: Competition can affect germinating seedlings and growing plants. Competition is caused by a dense population of animals or plants in the same area competing for the same resources. The more competition there is then the less the plants will grow. This is because the minerals, nutrients and sunlight (in plants case) have to be spread out more thinly or shared out amongst a higher number of plants. In some cases plants will die due to a lack of nutrition. PH: Can also affect both germinating seedlings and growing plants. Cress needs a neutral PH level to grow at their best. Some plants like camellia can grow in acidic soil because they have adapted to the soil over many years. Some plants like herbs benefit from alkaline soil. Different plants grow best in different soils. Minerals/nutrients: Minerals and nutrients are essential because they are needed as energy. They are absorbed with water through the roots by osmosis. They are then transported by the xylem up around the plant. Different nutrients are needed for different uses e.g. Iron for strengthening the stem. The factor that I wish to investigate is how different minerals affect the germination and growth of plants. The aim The aim of my experiment is to see how 3 different solutions lacking 3 different minerals affect the growth and the germination of a plant. The different solutions I am going to use are: Lacking Nitrogen Lacking Sulphur Lacking Magnesium I am also going to have a control test, which has all the nutrients a plant would have in normal soil. This is so I can compare the experiments to it allowing me to see what changes the absence of the minerals has. The Method To do this I am going to have 4 different petri dishes, 1 for each solution. In each dish there will be 4 different sections each containing 5 seedlings. The reason I am doing this is to make it a fair test. By having 4 different sections I am essentially I am repeating the experiment 4 times. Every day I will water the cress seeds using their own solutions. To create the appropriate solutions I did a pre-test using a replicate of my actual experiment and to I watered the 20 cress seeds over a week. I used a normal Sachs solution to water them. Form the experiment I found that 1.5 ml cubed for each section was to little because although the seedlings germinated the plants did not grow very quickly. I decided to use 2ml cubed for each section. The solutions I made were 1/3 Sachs and 2/3s water. This is a diagram of my experiment. It shows the 4 different petri dishes. In order to be able to monitor the cress I will draw up a table. For each day that I water the cress I will observe: How many seeds have germinated, The height of the seedlings, No. Of leaves on seedling, And any other observations. All this will do is make it easier to analyse my results. Prediction I predict that nitrogen is going to have the most devastating effect on the germination and growth of a plant. The reason I think this is because it converts sugars made by photosynthesis into protein. Protein is needed for growth. I think that they will be short and have yellowing leaves due to facts from my research. Research Mineral Used in Deficiency Magnesium Chloroplast Yellow leaves Nitrogen Chlorophyll cells and Amino acids Reduction in growth and yellow leaves Sulphur Amino acids and proteins Reduction in growth and yellowing leaves Fair test To get my results I watered my plants over a period of 2 weeks. An important aspect of my test was getting reliable results. This will help me to me evaluate my experiment fairly. To make my test as fair as possible I made sure all of my petri dishes were in the same conditions as each other. This meant that any effects could only be caused by the factor that I am experimenting with. We watered them all as regularly as each other, placed tem all in the same spot, made sure that they were all in the same temperature, light etc. I must also take into consideration the fact that anomalies could occur in my results or some of the effects could be caused by natural causes. For example the heaters in school could stop running, some seeds may be infertile or there could be an abnormally cold or hot day. Conclusion/evaluation Overall I think that the lack of nitrogen in the solution has not caused much difference to the growth and germination to the seedlings. I expected them not to grow as tall as the any of the others, to have yellow leaves and only a few of them to have germinated. The first thing that I noticed about my results was that they contradicted my prediction. The seedlings lacking Nitrogen were the fastest to germinate (this includes the control). I found this strange because Nitrogen is the most vital nutrient of the three we experimented with. Judging by the results I have collected it seems that plants do not need Nitrogen to germinate but it is needed for growth because the seedlings in the Nitrogen solution are described as yellow leaved and short. I can see this because the seeds that lack nitrogen germinate more quickly than the seeds in the control test. I also noticed that the seedlings in the solution that lacked magnesium ended up with the darkest leaves. My research shows that a sign of a plant with a magnesium deficiency has yellow leaves. The cress seeds in my experiment that are in a solution that lacks magnesium have the darkest leaves. This could be caused because the plants found that the Sulphur in the solution counter acted the effects of the lack of magnesium. Also it seems that the solutions did not effect the growth of the plants, they all seemed to grow to the same height at the same rate. This is proven by the control test also growing to this height. Sulphur had the greatest effect on the plants overall. By the 4th day into the experiment, the solution lacking sulphur was the only solution in which few seeds had germinated and had yellow leaves and short seedlings. I think that it is because sulphur is used in both germination and growth. It is used in proteins and Amino acids (the building blocks of protein). These are both vital nutrients as they are used as energy in the plant. Overall I think that if I had carried out my experiment for longer, the effects would have been greater. I could have also chosen more diverse nutrient/minerals. This would have caused fewer problems with which mineral caused which effect and I would have seen greater effects. I did find out that magnesium causes a decrease in energy due to fewer chloroplast cells. Sulphur causes short term and long term effects in growth and causes yellowing of leaves and Nitrogen does not cause short term effects but I predict will slow growth and cause yellowing of leaves in the long run.

Chris Van Allsburg Essay -- essays papers

Chris Van Allsburg Chris Van Allsburg has been named one of the most intriguing authors and illustrators of children’s books. He has a unique style that captivates children and adults alike. Often, a person’s background and experiences influence their work. Imagination has many roots into the childhood of an individual. Chris Van Allsburg grew up in a quiet suburban setting in Grand Rapids, Michigan. During the 1950’s, when he was a child, the town was a place that seemed like a haven for any young boy. There were open fields that provided places for the children to enjoy a baseball game in the spring. The houses were not separated by fences, but rather blended together by the yards. The setting in which he grew up provided activities and locations that fostered imagination. He used to go down to the edge of a river and tried to catch tadpoles. Walking around in the wilderness that surrounded his town could be very relaxing and allow for the mind to conjure up many ideas. The child’s mind has a great ability to make up stories, but when you are constantly â€Å"practicing† at make-believe, you tend to become better and better at it. You also come to develop your own unique style. As a young boy Chris Van Allsburg enjoyed drawing. He loved to sit down and put his imaginative ideas to paper for his own viewing pleasure. In school and with his family he was not encouraged to spend so much time drawing and painting. Since he was a boy, he was encouraged to participate in sports more often. Chris Van Allsburg abandoned his passion for drawing and went along with the pressures of his family and friends. He would not discover his passion for a few more years. When Chris Van Allsburg entered college he took a freshman cours... ...books. His writing style, accompanied with the talented illustrations, makes for a great book. These are the types of books that a child would want to read over and over again. They are also appealing to adults, which would allow for a parent to spend some quality time reading with their children. I believe that Chris Van Allsburg was born with his incredible imagination. Through his drawings and through the courses he took in college he found his true passion. If weren’t for that chance meeting with his wife’s friend he might have never had the chance or the desire to write storybooks for children. Chris Van Allsburg Storybooks The Garden of Abdul Gasazi, 1979 Just a Dream, 1990 Ben’s Dream, 1982 The Polar Express, 1985 Two Bad Ants, 1988 The Wreck of the Zephyr, 1983 Jumanji, 1981 The Mysteries of Harris Bur*censored*, 1984 The Widow’s Broom, 1992

The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship DB

My view of entrepreneurship is that you don’t need to have exceptional skills to be successful when you decide to start a business. All one needs to have is the desire to work in order to achieve his goals. According to my understanding of the word entrepreneur, it is a French word which means to undertake, so in business it is to start a business. To say that you must have superior qualities that a few have in order to be an entrepreneur is not only far fetched but also erroneous, I simply don’t agree with that kind of thought. Strategic planning is a direction or strategy that a business is going to follow in certain period of time. It is so important to a small business in because it keeps it on the edge of competition with big companies. A business with no strategy has no direction. Strategy outlines the direction of the business. Without a strategy it is difficult to achieve goals in a business and small businesses therefore ought to formulate viable strategies that can cope with competition and at the same time make the business focused in scope. To me strategic planning is a process that does not only requires good management skills but also it requires the will and commitment by all persons involved in order to attain the set goals. (McDonald, 2001) There are several factors that an entrepreneur should consider before choosing any form of ownership. There are: The risks involved which are normally high in entrepreneurship, purpose of the business, its goals, strategies for achieving each goal, a plan to implement each goal and the way of monitoring the implementation plan. Other   factors includes the influence one have in the running of the   business and one must also know the responsibility for debts, the amount of   tax payable to the government and the county or the local government, one must also know the   government policies of that particular business. A person must also consider the amount of profit to expect and the time he or she spends on that business. I disagree with educators who thinks that student in colleges should not engage in business, this is simply because the students engage in this for they have been taught its fundamentals and they cannot wait to put them in practice. Once students get the desired knowledge they become innovative and hence they cannot wait to test their skills as entrepreneurs. Research indicates that entrepreneurship should include innovations such as; new products, new production methods, new markets and new types of business among other innovations. In my own perspective wealth is created when such innovations are utilized since it results in new demand of commodities. The purpose of an entrepreneur is to build a lucrative, moral, and a sustainable business organization. I am of the opinion that one must adhere to factors such as: 1. Profitable business practices that satisfies and attract new customers, pay employees fairly and rewards innovation and diligence.2.Ethical business practices that include the protection the privacy of the clients and employee financial and personal information, to respect ethnic, political and religious backgrounds of the customers.3.Sustainable business practices that can withstand the dynamics of the world, these involves establishing markets not exploiting them, doing away with abusive working conditions and keeping   basic labor rights, replacing non-renewable energy sources with renewable energy sources, encouraging developing countries to improve labor and environmental standards amongst suppliers. (Cullen and Boteeah, 2005) Reference Cullen, J. and Boteeah, K. (2005) Multinational Management: A strategic Approach: 3rd Edition: Thomson South-Western; Mason McDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. 4th Edition: London, Butterworth Heinenamm         

Definition and Examples of Titles in Composition

—In composition, a title is a word or phrase given to a text (an essay, article, chapter, report, or other work) to identify the subject, attract the readers attention, and forecast the tone and substance of the writing to follow. A title may be followed by a colon and a subtitle, which usually amplifies or focuses the idea expressed in the title. Examples and Observations It is important to know the title before you begin—then you know what you are writing about. (Nadine Gordimer, quoted by D. J. R. Bruckner in A Writer Puts the Political Above the Personal. The New York Times, Jan. 1, 1991)The title comes afterwards, usually with considerable difficulty. . . . A working title often changes. (Heinrich Bà ¶ll, interview in The Paris Review, 1983) Catching the Readers Interest At the minimum, titles—like labels—should accurately indicate the contents in the package. In addition, however, good titles capture the readers interest with some catchy phrasing or imaginative language—something to make the reader want to buy the package. Barbara Kingsolver uses the title, High Tide in Tucson to catch our interest: What are tides doing in landlocked Tucson, Arizona? Samuel H. Scudders title is a good label (the essay is about looking at fish) and uses catchy phrasing: Take This Fish and Look at It. (Stephen Reid, The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers, 2003) Tips for Creating Catchy Titles Titles catch the attention of readers and provide a clue to the papers content. If a title doesnt suggest itself in the writing of your paper, try one of these strategies: Use one strong short phrase from your paper Present a question that your paper answers State the answer to the question or issue your paper will explore Use a clear or catchy  image  from your paper Use a famous  quotation Write a one-word title (or a two-word title, a three-word-title, and so on) Begin your title with the word  On Begin your title with a  gerund  (-ing  word) (Toby Fulwiler and Alan R. Hayakawa, The Blair Handbook. Prentice Hall, 2003) Metaphorical Titles Is there a factor that above all others contributes to making a title intriguing and memorable? Ive studied the titles that have captured the public imagination during my lifetime. Add to The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Red Badge of Courage, and The Blackboard Jungle the following titles that almost everyone seems to like, and ask yourself what they have in common: Tender Is the NightA Moveable FeastThe Catcher in the RyeThe Grapes of Wrath All seven of these titles are metaphors. They put two things together that dont ordinarily go together. They are intriguing, resonant, and provide exercise for the readers imagination. (Sol Stein, Stein on Writing. St. Martins Griffin, 1995) Selling an Article or Book An effective title is to your article or book what a good preview of coming attractions is to a movie. It announces what your manuscript is about in such a way that it compels your reader to sit up and take notice. And if that reader is an editor who possibly will buy your material, an enticing title can open doors for you. (John McCollister, quoted by Jim Fisher in The Writers Quotebook: 500 Authors on Creativity, Craft, and the Writing Life. Rutgers University Press, 2006) Subtitles To the prospective reader, a subtitle is to a book what a carnival barker is to a midway: the step-right-up pitchman who peddles a mixture of awe, enlightenment and—no less important—bang for the buck. The marketing-savvy Galileo appended to his volume of heavenly observations, The Starry Messenger (1610), a prose banner that stretches nearly 70 words. In it, the Florentine astronomer promised readers great and very wonderful sights—the moon, sun and stars, literally—and even tossed in a paean to his Medici patron. Modern-day subtitles are generally shorter, yet they continue to tantalize us with invitations to learn the surprising secrets of Americas wealthy, tag along in one womans search for everything, or craft a life of well-being, wisdom and wonder. (Alan Hirshfeld, The Limit of Reason. The Wall Street Journal, May 3-4, 2014) Nick Hornby on the Lighter Side of Titles My advice to young writers: never begin a title with a preposition, because you will find that it is impossible to utter or to write any sentence pertaining to your creation without sounding as if you have an especially pitiable stutter. He wanted to talk to me about About a Boy. What about About a Boy? The thing about About a Boy . . . Are you excited about About a Boy? And so on. I wonder if Steinbeck and his publishers got sick of it? What do you think of Of Mice and Men? Ive just finished the first half of Of Mice and Men. Whats the publication date of Of Mice and Men? . . . Still, it seemed like a good idea at the time. (Nick Hornby, Songbook. McSweeneys, 2002) More on Composition Sentence Case  and  Title CaseWhich Words in a Title Should Be Capitalized?Lead